2N3904

The humble 2N3904! This little transistor, manufactured by STMicroelectronics, is a classic workhorse found in countless electronic projects, from simple hobby circuits to industrial applications. Here's a detailed breakdown of its characteristics:

Technical Specs:

• Type: NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
• Voltage Rating: 40V (maximum voltage it can handle before breaking down)
• Current Rating: 200mA (maximum continuous current it can handle)
• Gain: Up to 300 (amplifies the current flowing through it)
• Package: TO-92 (small, cylindrical package with three metal legs)
• Applications: General purpose amplification, switching, buffering, logic circuits, etc.

Key Features:

• Versatile: Suitable for a wide range of applications due to its moderate voltage and current ratings.
• Amplification: Can boost weak signals for further processing or driving loads.
• Switching: Can control the flow of current in circuits, acting like a tiny electronic switch.
• Simple to Use: Easy to connect and implement in circuits with its straightforward three-terminal design.
• Low Cost: Widely available and inexpensive, making it a budget-friendly choice for various projects.

Think of the 2N3904 as a tiny muscle builder for your electronics. It takes a weak electrical signal and pumps it up, allowing you to control larger currents or perform various functions. Whether you're building a simple LED blinker or a complex amplifier circuit, the 2N3904 can be a valuable building block.

Here are some popular applications for the 2N3904:

• Amplifying audio signals: Boosting the sound from microphones or preamplifiers before sending it to speakers.
• Motor control: Switching small DC motors on and off for basic robotics or automation projects.
• Light control: Dimming LEDs or controlling relays for light switches.
• Logic circuits: Building simple logic gates like AND, OR, and NOT for basic digital circuits.
• Sensors: Interfacing sensors like photocells or temperature sensors to microcontrollers.

In essence, the 2N3904 is a timeless and versatile transistor that offers high performance, ease of use, and affordability for a wide range of electronic projects. It's a reliable workhorse you can always count on, making it a favorite among hobbyists and professionals alike.